Bacillus spp. characterization and his intervention as a possible non-traditional etiology of chronic renal insufficiency in Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, Mexico.

Environmental, socioeconomic, educational, custom, occupation, and native pathogen microbiota factors have been identified as unique etiological factors by region for chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). In the region of Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, there is a significant incidence of CRI. The objective of this research was to identify the presence of the genus Bacillus spp. and its kinetic characterization for recognition as a possible non-traditional etiology of CRI in the region. The methodology included the isolation and morphological, biochemical, molecular and kinetic characterization of strains of the genus Bacillus spp. and an analysis of factors that indicate that their presence could affect the occupational health of the population, prompting cases of CRI. The presence of Bacillus cereus (pathogenic strain for humans) was established (biochemical identification, similarity 99%, by 16S rRNA gene) in sugarcane crops, mainly in the MEX-69-290 variety, with the higher growth rate and lower lag phase, compared to the other isolates. The strains are reported as a potential danger of direct infection and a risk factor for the indirect development of CRI, in the non-traditional cause modality, in the sugarcane fields. It is recommended that committed actions be undertaken to protect and promote the health of the population.

Positive emotional induction interferes with the reconsolidation of negative autobiographical memories, in women only.

After reactivation, a previously consolidated memory can enter into a labile state followed by a re-stabilization process defined as reconsolidation. The aim of this study was to explore whether an existing negative autobiographical memory can be modified by using a non-invasive interference (audiovisual positive preparation) after reactivation and to determine if this effect could be dependent on the reconsolidation process. We found that the presentation of a positive inductor after a negative autobiographical memory reactivation may lead to a change in the emotional information of the original trace and that such effect can be mediated by the reconsolidation process. The modification of the memory has been shown in women only. These results suggest that a positive audiovisual induction may play a potential role in psychotherapeutic techniques for the modification of dysfunctional autobiographical memories.

Injury prevalence across sports: a descriptive analysis on a representative sample of the Danish population.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity plays an important role in public health, owing to a range of health-related benefits that it provides. Sports-related injuries are known to be an important barrier to continued physical activity. Still, the prevalence of injuries on a general population level has not yet been explored in a descriptive epidemiological investigation. The purpose of the questionnaire-based study, therefore, was to describe the prevalence of injury in a representative sample of the Danish population. METHODS: Two samples of 10,000 adults (> 15 years) and 6500 children and adolescents (7-15 years) were invited to respond to a web-based questionnaire. Of these, 3498 adults (35.0%) and 3221 children (49.6%) responded successfully. The definition of sports injury was time-loss and medical attention-based, inhibiting participants from sports activity for at least 7 days, and/or involved contact with a healthcare professional, respectively. RESULTS: Amongst adults, 642 (18.4% [95%CI: 17.1%; 19.6%]) reported to have had an injury within the past 12 months. Males reported significantly more injuries than females (difference in prevalence proportion: 9.2%-points [95%CI: 6.7%-points; 11.8%-points]). The prevalence of injuries was greatest in running (ninj = 198), football (ninj = 94) and strength training (ninj = 89). Amongst children, 621 (19.3% [95%CI: 17.9%; 20.6%]) had been injured. No difference in injury prevalence proportion existed between boys and girls. The prevalence of injuries was greatest in football (ninj = 235), handball (ninj = 86) and gymnastics (ninj = 66). CONCLUSIONS: Sports injuries seem to be very frequent in Denmark, since a total of 18.4% of the adults and 19.3% of the children reported having had one or more injuries within the past 12 months, equal to either time lost with physical activity and/or contact to the health care system.

75SeHCAT scan in bile acid malabsorption in chronic diarrhoea. / Gammagrafía con 75SeHCAT en la diarrea crónica por malabsorción de ácidos biliares.

Chronic diarrhoea is a common entity in daily clinical practice and it leads to a loss in these patients quality of life. It may be the main symptom of multiple ethiologies including bile acid malabsorption (BAM) which has a comparable prevalence to celiac disease. The BAM results from imbalances in the homeostasis of bile acids in the enterohepatic circulation. It can be a consequence of ileal disease or ileal dysfunction (BAM type i), it can be considered idiopathic or primary (BAM type ii) or associated with other gastrointestinal entities (BAM type iii). Among the different diagnostic methods available, 75SeHCAT study is the primary current method due to its sensitivity, specificity, safety and low cost. The main disadvantage is that it's not available in all countries, so other diagnostic methods have appeared, such as serum measurement of FGF19 and C4, however they are significantly more complex and costly. The first-line treatment of bile acid diarrhoea is bile acid sequestrant, such as cholestyramine, which can be difficult to administer due to its poor tolerability and gastrointestinal side effects. These are less prominent with newer agents such as colesevelam. In summary, the BAM is a common entity underdiagnosed and undertreated, so it is essential to establish a diagnosis algorithm of chronic diarrhoea in which the 75SeHCAT study would be first or second line in the differential diagnosis of these patients.

Desarrollos recientes en la evaluación del trastorno de conducta del sueño REM / No disponible

El trastorno de conducta del sueño REM (TCREM) es una alteración caracterizada por la ausencia de atonía muscular durante esta fase del sueño y la emergencia de conductas motoras asociadas a ensoñaciones de contenido generalmente desagradable. Entre estas conductas se incluyen acciones como gritar, saltar, agitar los brazos o dar patadas y puñetazos, que corresponden con el correlato motor de la actividad onírica, de ahí su caracterización como “actuación de los ensueños”. La necesidad de que se requiera evidencia polisomnográfica para confirmar el diagnóstico de TCREM hace que la evaluación de este problema resulte muy costosa, ya que la polisomnografía consume mucho tiempo y recursos. Por ello, el desarrollo de instrumentos de evaluación y, más particularmente, de instrumentos de cribado (screening) que permitan una detección precoz de los individuos afectados por esta patología y que, por consiguiente, podrían requerir una intervención temprana, es una de las líneas más actuales de investigación en este campo. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar los desarrollos recientes en el ámbito de la evaluación del TCREM, presentando las diversas herramientas actualmente disponibles y aportando datos acerca de sus garantías científicas(AU)

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a problem characterized by loss of muscle atonia during this sleep phase and the emergence of motor behaviours generally associated to unpleasant dreams. These behaviours include yelling, jumping, arms waving, kicking and punching, working as a motor correlate for the oneiric activity, hence its characterization as “acting out” their dreams. Polysomnography is necessary to diagnose RBD and this procedure is costly. For this reason, one current research lines is the development of assessment tools and, more specifically, of screening instruments to identify patients with RBD that may require early intervention as early as possible. The aim of this study was to analyse recent developments in the clinical assessment of this disorder, presenting the various tools currently available and providing data about their scientific guarantees(AU)

Dermatitis irritativa del pañal. Tratamiento local con productos barrera y calidad de vida / Diaper rash. Local treatment with barrier products and quality of life

Los trastornos cutáneos son derivados, en la mayoría de las ocasiones, de agresiones continuas por elementos externos que tiene como respuesta reacciones como la pérdida de lípidos epidérmicos por efecto de la humedad, cambios en el pH cutáneo (alcalinización) y aumento del coeficiente de fricción (denudación) junto al desequilibrio de la flora saprofita de la piel, que se traducen en procesos irritativos y en un aumento de la infecciones fúngicas y bacterianas en la zona expuesta a humedad. Dada la importancia de evaluar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con dermatitis que son tratados con productos barrera no irritantes (PBNI) se ha desarrollado un estudio multicéntrico, con el objetivo de evaluar los aspectos relacionados con la mejora en la calidad de cuidados a pacientes tratados con Cavilon® que presentaban dermatitis por incontinencia mediante la escala ESCLI. Los pacientes incluidos en el estudio fueron 25. Los resultados muestran una mejora importante de los aspectos evaluados mediante la escala ESCLI (..) (AU)

The skin disorders are derived in most cases continuous injuries by external factors that have how responses the loss of epidermal lipids by the effect of moisture, derived of changes in skin pH (alkalinization), an increased coefficient of friction (denudation) and the imbalance of the saprophytic flora of the skin, give how a result an increase to the irritative processes and the fungal and bacterian infections in the area exposed to moisture. Given the importance of assessing the quality of life of patients with dermatitis who are treated with No Sting Barrier Film (NSBF) CavilonTM has developed a multicenter study, in order to evaluate the related to improving the quality of care that patients Incontinence Dermatitis with ESCLI scale. Patients included in the study were 25. The results show a significant improvement aspects ESCLI assessed by the scale of the evolution of the dermatitis. This scale assesses aspects such as the area affected by the redness and severity. Show a reversal 47% of cases. The denudation of the skin in the diaper area disappears in 56% of cases and the severity of the denudation which has a 47% improvement. The assessment of pain in the area of incontinence, is reduced by 76% in the area of incontinence and a 73% when cleaning the area. The findings of this study prove indicates that the application of forming products of a No Sting Barrier Film (NSBF) in patients with incontinence dermatitis is an alternative to conventional treatments such as creams or ointments or zinc oxide paste water. The reversal and reduction of dermatitis is an aspect that has improved important. The results that we can relate to quality of life or longer specifically with the improvement of pain are significant (AU)

Complicación de la prescripción de ketamina fuera del área quirúrgica / No disponible

No disponible

[Study EMSEI-2006]. / Estudio EMSEI-2006.

To evaluate the properties of the Indafoam hydro-regulating dressing, the authors planned a study on the clinical application these materials have in relation to the evolution of injuries and their etiology at the same time evaluating the behavior of these products in diverse aspects related to the healing processes. This study is an open, multi-centric prospective observational study having repeated measurements in a group of patients who suffered from injuries having diverse etiology

Estudio EMSEI-2006. Investigación multicéntrica sobre la efectividad de un apósito hidrorregulador en el tratamiento de lesiones de piel agudas y crónicas / Study EMSEI-2006

Para evaluar las propiedades del apósito hidrorregulador Indafoam®, se planteó un estudio de la aplicación clínica de estos materiales en relación a la evolución de las heridas y su etiología, y se evaluó su comportamiento en diferentes aspectos relacionados con el proceso de curación. Se trata de un estudio prospectivo observacional, abierto y multicéntrico, de medidas repetidas en una cohorte de pacientes que presentan heridas de diversa etiología(AU)

To evaluate the properties of the Indafoam® hydro-regulating dressing, the authors planned a study on the clinical application these materials have in relation to the evolution of injuries and their etiology, at the same time evaluating the behavior of these products in diverse aspects related to the healing processes. This study is an open, multi-centric prospective observational study, having repeated measurements in a group of patients who suffered from injuries having diverse etiology(AU)

Incontinencia / Incontinence

La incontinencia supone un problema añadido para el paciente encamado, entre otras razones, porque aumenta el riesgo de dermatitis perineal. Recientemente se han desarrollado escalas de valoración que permiten valorar los efectos que provoca sobre la integridad de la piel y han surgido nuevos productos que actúan como barreras no irritantes y que permiten inspeccionar visualmente la zona afectada. Se sumarían al arsenal de productos y herramientas ya conocidos (colectores, catéteres, etc.) de que se dispone para manejar la incontinencia(AU)

Incontinence presents an additional problem for a bedridden patient, among other reasons because incontinence increases the risk of perineal dermatitis. Recently, evaluation scales have been drawn up which permit evaluating the effects incontinence provokes on the integrity of the skin and new products have been developed which act as non-irritating barriers and which permit professionals to visually inspect the affected area. These new products increase the arsenal of already known products and tools such as bed pans, catheters, etc. which professionals have at their disposal to control incontinence(AU)

[Incontinence]. / Incontinencia.

Incontinence presents an additional problem for a bedridden patient, among other reasons because incontinence increases the risk of perineal dermatitis. Recently evaluation scales have been drawn up which permit evaluating the effects incontinence provokes on the integrity of the skin and new products have been developed which act as non-irritating barriers and which permit professionals to visually inspect the affected area. These new products increase the arsenal of already known products and tools such as bed pans, catheters, etc. which professionals have at their disposal to control incontinence.

Estrés y vulnerabilidad a las lesiones deportivas / Stress and vulnerabiliity to sports injuries

Considerando la aportación de las principales investigaciones en este ámbito, en este artículo se comenta la posible relación entre el estrés psicosocial y las lesiones deportivas, destacando el papel de las variables ambientales y personales que parecen aumentar la vulnerabilidad de los deportistas a lesionarse. (AU)

Environmental genotoxicity evaluation using cytogenetic end points in wild rodents.

We analyzed cytogenetic end points in three populations of two species of wild rodents--Akodon montensis and Oryzomys nigripes--living in an industrial, an agricultural, and a preservation area at the Itajaí Valley, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Our purpose was to evaluate the performance of the following end points in the establishment of a genotoxic profile of each area: the polychromatic/normochromatic cell ratio; the mitotic index; the frequency of micronucleated cells both in the bone marrow and peripheral blood; and the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in the bone marrow. Preparations were obtained using conventional cytogenetic techniques. The results showed a) the role of the end points used as biomarkers in the early detection of genotoxic agents and in the identification of species and populations at higher risk; b) the difference in sensitivity of the species selected as bioindicators in relation to the cytogenetic end points analyzed; c) the need to use at least two sympatric species to detect the presence of genotoxins in each locality; and d) the need to use several end points when trying to establish a genotoxic profile of an area.

Frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in rodents collected in the coal-field and tobacco culture region of Criciúma, south Brazil.

The present work has been accomplished in the basin of the Sangão River (Criciúma, South Brazil), which receives the rejects from coal washing, mainly heavy metals. In the tobacco cultures at the river banks several agrotoxics are used. We tried to detect and estimate the possible action of this environmental pollution on rodents directly exposed to it through the study of chromosome aberration frequency in the bone marrow. The same methodology was applied to rodents collected from a nonpolluted area of the same state (Florianópolis, 190 km from Criciúma). The results obtained showed significant differences in total chromosome aberrations at the different sites. There is therefore a suggestion that this methodology could be applied to detect the action of environmental pollution on organisms.

Effects of perinatal hypothyroidism in the carbohydrate composition of cochlear tectorial membrane.

The presence of carbohydrates in the cochlear tectorial membrane (TM) of normal and hypothyroid rats was analyzed using fluorescent lectin probes. SBA and WGA lectins exhibited a similar reactivity in both normal and hypothyroid TMs. DBA, RCA1, UEA1 and Con A lectins were also reactive, although they showed a different distribution pattern between normal and hypothyroid TMs. Lastly, one of the lectins, PNA, was only labeled in hypothyroid TMs. These findings suggest that carbohydrate chains containing residues of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, are similarly distributed in normal and hypothyroid TMs. Other carbohydrate residues as GalNAc alpha 1,3 GalNAc, D-galactose (Gal), L-fucose and D-mannose, are present, but are abnormally distributed in hypothyroid TMs. The Gal beta 1,3GalNAc residues, recognized by PNA, could be present only in the hypothyroid TMs. Alterations in glycosylation of the glycoproteins in the hypothyroid TM could be responsible for the abnormal distribution pattern of carbohydrate residues here described, and for the distorted shape of the hypothyroid TM.

[Overview of dermatophytes in Mali]. / Panorama des dermatophytes du Mali.

517 isolations of dermatophytes collected in Mali are reported. The various species are described and the main findings are: --Trichophyton species are more common (85.5% isolated from scalp lesions and 77.5% from skin scrapings) than Microsporum species. --Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporum canis have been found found for the first time in Mali. --Ill-defined clinical forms of scalp lesions caused by either T. schonleinii or T. soudanense occur in the subsaharian areas of the country.